Boiler



Aug. 15, 1939. H. s. MURPHY BOLER Filed Ooi. 20, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet, l

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BOUJER Filed Oct. 20, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEYS Z a Patented Aug. 15, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFECE BOILER.

Harry S. Murphy, Attica, N. Y., assignor to Cooney Refrigeration Company, Inc., Buffalo, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application October 20, 1936, Serial No. 106,577

10 Claims. (C1. 122-225) This invention relates to a boiler and more particularly to a sectional boiler for producing either steam or hot water composed of a plurality of similar Vertical boiler sections secured together side by side to form the combustion chamber, flues and water chambers of the boiler and each section being in turn composed of a number of connected sections to avoid large and complicated castings and to facilitate the erection of the boiler.

The principal object of the present invention is to provide a boiler composed of similar vertical sections arranged side by side to form, in addition to the water chamber, the combustion chamber and ues and in which each vertical section is in turn composed of a plurality of smaller sections so formed that both the Water and the hot gases are required to traverse a circuitous path, crossing and recrossing one another in a generally vertical course through each section and both in intimate Contact with large areas of common walls so that a high rate of heat transfer is obtained resulting in quick pickup, longer oi firing periods, and low flue gas temperature, thereby providing low fuel consumption.

Another aim of the present invention is to provide such a sectional boiler in which the coupled sections provide the water inlet and outlet ducts, a plurality of Water passages through which the water is conducted in a generally vertical circuitous path, and a plurality of flue passages through which the hot gases are conducted in a generally vertical circuitous path and a duct common to all of said passages for conducting the flue gases to the chimney.

A further purpose of the present invention is to provide such a boiler in which the boiler sections are composed of relatively small and simple castings which can be produced, handled and fabricated at low cost.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a restricted central water orice in each section at the point of impingement of the hottest gases, this restricted orice causing steam to be formed and the water jetted violently therethrough, thereby creating a violent turbulence which improves the heat transfer between the boiler walls and the water and permits of a reduction in the amount of boiler surface.

Another aim is to provide such relatively simple castings and to avoid dead pockets or the impedance of circulation of either the gases or water by employing lire brick supports between the sections at places Where a Water wall would be disadvantageous.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. l is a rear elevation of a vertical boiler section embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof and also showing the manner in which the rear end of the combustion chamber is blocked.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on line 3 3, Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a vertical central section, taken on line 4 4, Fig. 3 and showing, by dotted lines, how the sections are disposed side by side to form the completed boiler.

Fig. 5 is a vertical section taken on line 5--5, Fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is a front perspective view of the vertical section of the boiler shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a horizontal section taken on line '1 -l, Fig. 3.

In the following description it will be assumed that the boiler is used for producing hot water although it will be apparent that the boiler could be used for producing steam.

The boiler is composed of a plurality of identical sections I0, Ia and Ib which, as indicated in Fig. 4, are arranged side by side and each of these sections is composed of a water leg section I I, a second water leg section I 2, an intermediate section I3 connecting the upper ends of the water leg sections and a generally T-shaped main section I4 having its base connected to and supported by the intermediate section I3.

Each of the water leg sections I I and I2 are identical and are cast to provide front and rear flat walls I5 and IB, these walls being provided with relatively large holes Il and I8 at their lower ends leading to the enlarged base I9 of the water leg. The holes Il and I8 all register with one another so that when the water legs are arranged with their walls i5 and I6 in engagement with one another the openings Il and I8 provide continuous conduits from one end of the boiler to the other for distribution of cold water to each of the several water legs. The holes Il and I8 also serve as a means for securing the several sections together in a watertight manner. For this purpose slip nipples (not shown) can be secured in the registering openings Il and I8 and suitable tie rods (not shown) are also preferably employed.

Each of the water legs II and I2 is provided at its upper end with an upwardly extending threaded hole adapted to receive a nipple 20, these nipples connecting the water legs to the opposite ends of the intermediate connecting section I3. This intermediate section is made in the form of a hollow casting, rectangular in cross section and of the same depth, fore and aft, as the water legs II and I2. At its opposite ends the intermediate section I3 is provided with threaded openings in its underside which receive the connecting nipples 2l), these nipples also serving as conduits for conducting the water from the water legs I I and I2 to the intermediate section I3 as best illustrated in Fig. 3.

When the sections ID, IDa, etc., are connected together, the water legs II and I2 and the intermediate sections I3 form the sides and top, respectively, of the combustion chamber and to permit the products of combustion to escape, vertical tubular flues 2| and 22 are provided at each end of the intermediate section I3. These ues 2I and 22, as illustrated in Fig. 5, are of smaller external diameter than the internal space across the intermediate section so that the water is free to flow from the nipples 29 to the center of the intermediate section At its center the intermediate section I3 is provided in its top wall with a threaded opening receiving a nipple 23 which connects the intermediate section with the main section I4 and also forms a conduit for condlfting water between these sections.

The main section I4 is in the form of a generally T-shaped hollow casting including a central hollow Y-shaped portion 25 the base 26 of which is connected to the intermediate section I3 by the nipple 23 and the rounding arms 21 of which terminate in lateral extensions 28 and 29. In spaced relation to the central Y-shaped portion 25, the main section is formed to provide an upper hollow horizontal cross bar 30, vertical hollow bars 3| and 32 depending from the ends of the upper hollow bar 30 and inwardly extending hollow bars 33 and 34 at the lower ends of the vertical bars 3I and 32 which extend under the lateral extensions 28 and 29 of the central Y- shaped portion 25.

The flow of water from the central Y-shaped portion 25 to the surrounding C-shaped portion formed by the bars 39-34 is effected by a pair of hollow vertical webs 35 and 36. The rear faces of these webs 35 and 36 are coplanar with and form continuations of the rear faces of the bars 30-34 and the base of the central Y-shaped portion 25 and form connecting water passages therebetween. The outer Vertical sides of the webs 35 and 35 are also preferably spaced from the vertical side bars 3I and 32 to form rectangular openings 31 and 38 through the back of the main section I4. rI'he hollow webs 35 and 36 are spaced from one another to form a central circular opening 4I) through the back of the main section I4 and the inner walls of the arms 21 of the Y-shaped central portion 25 form continuations of this opening so as to form a main horizontal continuous flue through the group of sections constituting the boiler assembly.

The arm 21 of the Y-shaped central portion 25 and its lateral extension 28 open at their rear sides into the web 35 and the lower end of this web 35 also communicates with the inward extension 33. The upper end of the hollow web 35 opens into the upper bar 33. Similarly the other arm 21 of the Y-shaped central portion 25 and its lateral extension 29 open at their rear sides into the hollow web 36; the lower end of this hollow web communicates with the inward extension 34 and the upper end ci this hollow web opens into the upper bar 30 of the main boiler section I4.

The upper horizontal bar 30 is preferably provided with a raised central portion 45 at its center and the front and rear walls of the bar 3U in this raised central portion are provided with openings 46 and 41. The openings 4G and 41 of the several sections register with one another in the assembled boiler so as to form a horizontal water discharge conduit extending through the several sections and to provide a watertight connection between the several sections slip nipples (not shown) are preferably provided in the registering openings 46 and 41.

The inward extensions 33 and 34 are higher than the base 26 of the central Y-shaped portion and to support the outer extremities of the main section I4, blocks 50 of refractory material are interposed between the extremities of the sections I3 and I4. These blocks 50 also serve to block off the ends of the horizontal passages formed between the sections I3 and I4 and by their use, the castings forming these sections are less complicated and the provision of dead water or ue pockets is avoided. The refractory blocks 50 can also be employed to block off the front and rear ends of the chambers formed between the sections I3 and I4 in the assembled boiler.

When the several sections I0, I 0a, etc., are joined by suitable slip nipples and tie rods, the rear end of the combustion chamber is preferably blocked olf by a wall composed of a lining 5I of refractory material faced with an insulating material such as rock wool 52 and the whole encased in a steel box 53. It will be understood that the assembled boiler sections are suitably encased in anl insulated shell having the usual fire doors etc. and that cold water inlet and outlet connections are applied to the water legs Ii and i2 and the conduit formed by the openings in the raised portions 45 of the main sections I4, these features forming no part of the present invention and consequently not being illustrated.

The front faces and the rear faces, respectively, of the water legs II and I2; intermediate section I3; refractory blocks 50; Y-shaped central part 25 of the main section I4 and the upper bar 33; side bars 3l and 32 and extensions 33 and 34 of this main section I4 are disposed in a common plane. It will therefore be seen that when the sections I0, Illa, etc., are assembled the hot gases from the combustion chamber are required to pass upwardly through the openings 2I and 22 of the intermediate sections I3 into the chambers 54 and 55 between the sections I3 and I4, the sides and ends of which are blocked off by the refractory blocks 50. The gases then sweep toward the inner end of each chamber 54 and 55, under the inward extensions 33 and 34 and against the legs 21 of the central Y-shaped portions 25 and pass out through the angular passages 56 and 51 formed between these Y-shaped portions 25 and the extensions 33 and 34. As the passages 56 and 51 are in part formed by the hollow webs 35 and 36, it will be seen that the hot gases are uniformly distributed to the many passages 56 and 51 and are prevented from sweeping to one end of the assembled boiler. From the passages 56 and 51, the gases pass upwardly through the chambers 58 and 59 which extend the full length of the boiler assembly and from these chambers the hot gases are deected inwardly through the passages 68 and 6I between the upper bar 30 and the extensions 28 and 29 of the central Y-shaped portions 25. As these passages are in part formed by the hollow webs 35 and 35, the hot gases are uniformly distributed to the passages B and 6I and prevented from sweeping to one end of the boiler assembly. From the passages 60 and 5I,

the gases sweep down into the main horizontal ilue formed by the openings through the several boiler sections and from one end of this main horizontal flue, the gases are, of course, conducted to the usual smoke stack (not shown).

With a boiler assembled as above described, the cold water admitted at the bottom of the water legs II and I2 flows along the horizontal conduit formed by the openings I'I and I8 and is distributed to the several water legs II and I2 and flows upwardly and out through the nipples 20- securing the upper ends of these legs to the extremities of the intermediate sections I3. In the sections I3, the water from the opposite extremities flows inwardly and out through the nipples 23 into the bases 25 o-f the Y-shaped portions 25 ofthe sections I4. AThe hottest flue gases impinge centrally against the undersides of the sections I3 and the flue gases also impinge against the sides of the base 26. The water is therefore brought to a high temperature under the nipple 23 and steam is formed, the water thereby being jetted through the nipple 23 at high velocity and being violently agitated, this turbulence of the water continuing in the upward passage of the water through the arms 21 and webs 3S of the main boiler section I4. This violent turbulence created by the jetting action of the nipple 23 increases the rate of heat transfer between the walls of the boiler and the water and thereby improves the efliciency of heat transfer and permits a boiler having a smaller surface to be employed as compared with a boiler unprovided with the central restricted jets or nipples 23.

rom the base 26 of each of the Y-shaped portions 25 the flow of turbulent water divides into several paths. One stream passes through the branch 21 of the Y-shaped central portion 25 horizontally across the bottom of the web 35 into the inward extension 33 and thence up the vertical bar 3i into the horizontal bar 30. Another stream flows up the branch 21 of the Y-shaped central portion into the lateral extension 28 and out through the upper part of the web 35 into the upper horizontal bar 3U. Similarly on the other side of the boiler one stream from the base of the Y-shaped portion 25 passes generally in a horizontal direction across the bottom of the hollow web 36 into the vertical bar 32 while another stream ows vertically through the lateral extension 29 and upper part of the hollow web 3E. All of these streams vin each section merge in the upper bar 3D and pass into the cornmon outlet duct formed by the registering openings 46 and 4l of the several sections ID, Illa, etc.

The hot gases fro-m the combustion chamber are similarly caused to traverse a tortuous path through the boiler sections. The products of combustion at one side of the combustion chamber pass out through the openings 2l; flow horizontaly toward the inner end of the chamber 54; upwardly and outwardly through the passages 56; upwardly through the chamber 58; inwardly through the passages 60 and downwardly into the common horizontal flue. The products of combustion from the other side of the combustion chamber pass up through the openings 22; horizontally inward through the chamber upwardly through the passages 57; upwardly through the chamber 59; inwardly through the passages GI and downwardly into the main horizontal flue provided by the openings 40.

It will therefore be seen that both the water and the flue gases are required to traverse a BEST AVAILABLE coPv 3 criss-cross circuitous path through the boiler and in intimate contact with large areas of common walls so that a high rate of heat transfer is obtained, thereby providing longer off firing periods, and low flue gas temperature and fuel consumption. Further, the boiler is composed of a plurality of identical sections arranged side by side, each section in turn composed of a plurality of sections so that the cost of the castings and installing the boiler is reduced. These sections are not only designed to jointly provide the combustion chamber and the circuitous water passages and flues referred to, but the castings are of simple form and complications and dead pockets avoided by employing fire brick to form certain of the flue passages. It will therefore be seen that the present invention provides a highly efficient and compact sectional boiler which can be manufactured and erected at low cost.

I claim as my invention:

1. A sectional boiler comprising a plurality of vertical, transversely disposed boiler sections arranged face to face, each of said sections comprising a hollow lower part forming, with the other sections, a combustion chamber and a hollow upper part connected with said lower part, means for admitting water to the hollow lower part of each section and means at the center of each section providing a passage between the interior of each lower part and the interior of the corresponding upper part, said upper part being internally formed to provide a pair of passages each leading from said first central passage to one side of said upper part and returning to a central outlet, and sai-d upper part being externally formed to provide a pair of circuitous flue gas passages each of which communicates with one side of said combustion chamber and extends thence back and forth from the sides of said upper part to the center thereof and terminates in a common horizontal central flue extending through all of said sections, said internal and external passages thereby crossing one another in their course through the said upper part.

2. A sectional boiler comprising a shell forming a combustion chamber, a plurality of hollow vertical, transversely disposed boiler sections arranged face to face and mounted on said shell, a water inlet in the central lower part of each section, each of said sections being internally formed to provide a pair of circuitous passages each leading from said inlet to the corresponding side of said section and returning to an outlet in the upper central part of each section and each of said sections being externally formed to provide a pair of ilue gas passages, each communieating at one end with the corresponding side of the combustion chamber and leading thence back and forth between the center and corresponding side of the section and terminating in a common horizontal ue extending through all of said sections, said internal and external passages crossing one another in their course through said section.

3. A sectional boiler comprising a shell forming a combustion chamber, a plurality of hollow, Vertical, transversely disposed boiler sections arranged face to face and mounted on said shell, each of said sections comprising a central Y-shaped portion, a Cashaped portion spaced from said Y-shaped portion and extending around the top and sides thereof and a hollow web connecting said Y-shaped portion with the center and extremities of said C-shaped portion and forming connecting passages therebetween, means for admitting water to the base of said Y-shaped portion to be thence conducted 'through said Y-shaped portion, hollow web and C-shaped portion to an outlet at the center of said C-shaped portion and means for admitting the nue gases from said combustion chamber to the opposite ends of the external space between said Y and C-shaped portions to be thence conducted to a common horizontal flue extending through all of said sections.

4. A sectional boiler comprising a shell forming a combustion chamber, a plurality of hollow, vertical, transversely disposed boiler sections arranged face to face and mounted on said shell, each of said sections comprising a central Y- shaped portion, a C-shaped portion spaced from said Y-shaped portion and extending around the top and sides thereof and a hollow web connecting said Y-shaped portion with the center and extremities of said C-shaped portion and forming connecting passages therebetween, means for admitting water to the base of said Y-shaped portion to be thence conducted through said Y- shaped portion, hollow web and C-shaped portion to an outlet at the center of said C-shaped portion and means for admitting the ue gases from said combustion chamber to the opposite ends of the external space between said Y and C-shaped portions to be thence conducted to a common horizontal flue extending through all of said sections and located between the branches f of said Y-shaped portion.

5. A sectional boiler comprising a plurality of vertical, transversely disposed main boiler sections arranged face to face, each of said main sections comprising a pair of water legs forming the sides of the combustion chamber, a hollow cross bar connecting the upper ends of said water legs and interiorly communicating therewith, said cross bar forming the top of the combustion chamber, and a hollow upper section supported on said cross bar and communicating interiorly therewith at the center of said cross bar, means for admitting water to said water legs and a flue gas conduit extending through said cross bar, said upper section being internally formed to provide a circuitous passage leading from the center of said cross bar to an outlet at the center of said upper section and said upper section being externally formed to provide a oircuitous passage leading from said ue gas conduit to a common ue extending horizontally through all of said upper sections.

6. A sectional boiler comprising a plurality of vertical, transversely disposed, main boiler sections arranged face to face, each of said main sections comprising a pair of water legs forming the sides of the combustion chamber, a hollow cross bar connecting the upper ends of each pair of water legs and forming the top of said combustion chamber, means providing a conduit between the interior of the upper ends of the water legs and the interior of the cross bar, said cross bar being formed to pro-vide a central outlet and being also provided at each end with a vertical flue gas conduit, and a hollow upper section supported on said cross bar, said upper section being formed with an inlet communicating with the outlet of said cross bar and being internally formed with a pair of passages leading from said inlet to the side of the upper section and back to a common central outlet in the upper BEST AVAlLABLE COPY part of said upper section and said upper section being externally formed to provide a pair of passages each of which communicates with the corresponding flue gas conduit and extends circuitously back and forth between the center and sides of the upper section to a common central horizontal flue in the upper part of the upper section, said internal and external passages crossing one another in their course through said upper section.

7. A sectional boiler comprising a plurality of vertical, transversely disposed, main boiler sections arranged face to face, each of said main sections comprising a pair of water legs forming the sides of the combustion chamber, a hollow cross bar connecting the upper ends of each Water legs and the interior of the cross bar, said combustion chamber, means providing a conduit between the interior of the upper ends of the water legs and the interior of the cross bar, said cross bar being formed to provide a central outlet and being also provided at each end with a vertical flue gas conduit, and a hollow upper section supported on said cross bar, said upper section comprising a central Y-shaped portion having an inlet in its base registering with said outlet in said cross bar, a C-shaped portion spaced from said Y-shaped portion and surrounding the top and sides of said Y-shaped portion and a hollow web connecting and providing communication between the interiors of said C and Y- shaped portions, the central part of said C- shaped portion being provided with an outlet and the space between said C and Y-shaped portions communicating with said ue gas conduits and also with a central horizontal flue common to all of the main sections.

8. A sectional boiler comprising a plurality of vertical, transversely disposed, main boiler sections arranged face to face, each of said main sections comprising a pair of water legs forming the sides of the combustion chamber, a hollow cross bar connecting the upper ends of each pair of water legs and forming the top of said combustion chamber, means providing a conduit between the interior of the upper ends of the water legs and the interior of the cross bar, said cross bar being formed to provide a central outlet and being also provided at each end with a Vertical ue gas conduit, and a hollow upper spaced from said Y-shaped portion and surrounding the top and sides of said Y-shaped portion and a hollow web connecting and providing communication between the interiors of said C and Y-shaped portions, the central part of said C- shaped portion being provided with an outlet and the space between said C and Y-shaped portions communicating with said flue gas conduits and also with a central horizontal ue common to all of the main sections and located between the arms of said Y-shaped portion.

9. A sectional boiler comprising a plurality of vertical, transversely disposed, main boiler sections arranged face to face, each of said main sections comprising a pair of water legs forming the sides of the combustion chamber, a hollow cross bar connecting the upper ends of each pair of water legs and forming the top of said cornbustion chamber, means providing a conduit between the interior of the upper ends of the water legs and the interior of the cross bar, said cross bar being formed to provide a central outlet and being also provided at each end with a vertical ue gas conduit and a hollow upper section supported on said cross bar, said upper section comprising a central Y-shaped portion having an inlet in its base registering with said outlet in said cross bar, a C-shaped portion spaced from said Y-shaped portion and surrounding the top and sides of said Y-shaped portion and also extending under the extremities of the arms of said Y- shaped portion, and a web connecting said Y- shaped portion with the central part and extremities of said C-shaped portion and providing communicating passages between the interiors thereof, the central part of said C-shaped portion being provided with an outlet and the space between said C and Y-shaped portions communicating with4 said flue gas conduits and also with a central horizontal ue common to all of the main sections and located between the arms of said Y-shaped portion.

l0. A sectional boiler comprising a. purality of vertical, transversely disposed boiler sections arranged face to face, each of said sections conipnsing a lower horizontal hollow portion over the combustion chamber, an upper main hollow boier portion arranged above said lower portion, means providing a single restricted vertical jet submerged under a substantial head of water providing the sole means of internal communication between said lower portion and main por- 'tion sai-d jet being disposed over a direct fired surface on which steam is formed whereby the steam bubbles from said lower portion are discharged violently upward into said main portion, an outlet from said main portion and means pro- Viding flue passages on the exterior of said sections.

HARRY S. MURPHY. 

